1,757 research outputs found
A two-stage magnetic refrigerator for astronomical applications with reservoir temperatures above 4 K
We propose a novel adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) to produce temperatures as low as 100 mK starting from a high temperature reservoir between 4 and 8 K. The high temperature reservoir for the ADR can be provided by a mechanical cooler or an unpumped liquid helium bath. This refrigerator can be used to cool bolometric infrared detectors for low background astronomy from mountain tops, balloons or satellites as well as to cool cryogenic x-ray detectors. The two-stage ADR consists of a single magnet with a paramagnetic chromic-cesium-alum (CCA) salt pill to produce the low temperature and paramagnetic gadolinium-gallium-garnet (GGG) as the first stage to intercept heat from the high temperature reservoir. Thermal contact between the paramagnets and the reservoir during magnetization is made with a mechanical heat switch. The ADR is suspended with Kevlar chords under tension for high mechanical stiffness and low parasitic heat leak. In a single cycle, the ADR maintains a temperature of 100 mK for 10 to 100 hours. This time depends strongly on the magnetic field and reservoir temperature but not on the volume of the paramagnetic material as long as the heat leak is dominated by the suspension
Axions from wall decay
We discuss the decay of axion walls bounded by strings and present numerical
simulations of the decay process. In these simulations, the decay happens
immediately, in a time scale of order the light travel time, and the average
energy of the radiated axions is for . is found to increase approximately linearly with
. Extrapolation of this behaviour yields in axion models of interest.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, to be published in the Proc. of the 5th IFT Axion
workshop Gainesville FL, Mar 13-15 199
A broadband THz receiver for low background space applications
We have developed a sensitive bolometric receiver for low background space applications. In a 10 percent bandwidth at 1 THz, this receiver is approximately 100 times more sensitive than a quantum limited heterodyne receiver with a 1 GHz IF bandwidth. This receiver is designed to be used for the long wavelength band (200-700 microns) in the MIPS instrument on NASA's SIRTF satellite. The bolometers are cooled to 100 mK by an adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. Roughly 60 g of cesium chrome alum salt is partially demagnetized to 100 mK, followed by a slow regulated downramp to compensate for the heat leak. The hold time of the ADR system is about 18 hours with a temperature stability of delta T(sub rms) approx. equals 10 micro-K. The composite bolometers have electrical responsivities of 10(exp 9)V/W and electrical NEP's of about 3x10(exp -17) W/square root of Hz. The bolometer signals are read out by JFET preamplifiers located on the helium plate and operated at 120 K. We have addressed a number of space qualification issues, such as the development of an analog magnet controller, construction of a cryogenic shake-table for bolometers and selection of the paramagnetic salt CCA which can survive a bakeout at 50 C. The receiver is scheduled to be flown in the spring of 1992 on a balloon telescope. This flight has a dual purpose. One is to provide realistic test of the capabilities of the new receiver. The other is to search for anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background on scales of a few degrees
Evaluating 35 Methods to Generate Structural Connectomes Using Pairwise Classification
There is no consensus on how to construct structural brain networks from
diffusion MRI. How variations in pre-processing steps affect network
reliability and its ability to distinguish subjects remains opaque. In this
work, we address this issue by comparing 35 structural connectome-building
pipelines. We vary diffusion reconstruction models, tractography algorithms and
parcellations. Next, we classify structural connectome pairs as either
belonging to the same individual or not. Connectome weights and eight
topological derivative measures form our feature set. For experiments, we use
three test-retest datasets from the Consortium for Reliability and
Reproducibility (CoRR) comprised of a total of 105 individuals. We also compare
pairwise classification results to a commonly used parametric test-retest
measure, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).Comment: Accepted for MICCAI 2017, 8 pages, 3 figure
Operation of a 1-Liter-Volume Gaseous Argon Scintillation Counter
We have built a gas-phase argon ionization detector to measure small nuclear
recoil energies (< 10 keVee). In this paper, we describe the detector response
to X-ray and gamma calibration sources, including analysis of pulse shapes,
software triggers, optimization of gas content, and energy- and
position-dependence of the signal. We compare our experimental results against
simulation using a 5.9-keV X-ray source, as well as higher-energy gamma sources
up to 1332 keV. We conclude with a description of the detector, DAQ, and
software settings optimized for a measurement of the low-energy nuclear
quenching factor in gaseous argon. This work was performed under the auspices
of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in
part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Funded by Lab-wide LDRD. LLNL-JRNL-415990-DRAFT.Comment: 29 pages, single-column, double-spaced, 21 figure
The Rydberg-Atom-Cavity Axion Search
We report on the present progress in development of the dark matter axion
search experiment with Rydberg-atom-cavity detectors in Kyoto, CARRACK I and
CARRACK II. The axion search has been performed with CARRACK I in the 8 % mass
range around , and CARRACK II is now ready for the search in
the wide range . We have also developed
quantum theoretical calculations on the axion-photon-atom system in the
resonant cavity in order to estimate precisely the detection sensitivity for
the axion signal. Some essential features on the axion-photon-atom interaction
are clarified, which provide the optimum experimental setup for the axion
search.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Invited talk presented at the Dark2000,
Heidelberg, Germany,10-15 July, 200
A first broad-scale molecular phylogeny of Prionoceridae (Coleoptera: Cleroidea) provides insight into taxonomy, biogeography and life history evolution
© Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung, 2016. This is an open access article. Authors are permitted to post a PDF of their own articles, as provided by the publisher, on their personal web pages or the web page of their institution. Any commercial use is excluded. The attached file is the published version of the article
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